A few weeks after the invasion of Afghanistan, today it is interesting to watch the continuation of the migration flow to the West when estimates put the refugee wave at 2 million Afghans crossing the border - only to the European Union - with Greece as a natural channel.

In total, 9,714 refugees arrived here by sea and 5,982 by land in 2020. Africa and especially Asia at a critical juncture has created stateless people, with no choice but to look to our country through the sea and land channel of illegal movement to Europe as a means of salvation. For the 2021, in the first half of the year until 29 August, Greece welcomed 5,309 people, of which 1.890 were arrivals by sea and 3.419 by land.

Greece, this year, as a country of reception and identification for the European Union, marks a tragic one-year anniversary when, on the night of 8 to 9 September 2020 a human error and/or individual indignation gave rise to the Moria of Lesvos the response to years of negligence on the part of local authorities and the European family. Today, everything has moved to neighbouring Kara-Teppe. At Chios was given the final act of drama when four teenagers were taken to prison after a single day's trial and on 12 June 2021 were sentenced to ten years' imprisonment for a term of ten years each, without any prior mitigating circumstances. The severity was exhausted in the accountability behind closed doors and the show on the Moria fire was over.

Moria, as a Reception and Identification Centre, became famous in the 21^ο century about the appalling daily life and the difficulties in dignified survival of cross-border migrants in conditions of confinement across Europe when overnight it became a staple. The only time I visited the area several years before the refugee camp was in September 2004. Moria as a place was previously world-unknown, but relatively familiar to some archaeologists for its unique water bridge with numerous arches, dating to late antiquity around 300 AD. The important Roman aqueduct, one of the largest in the Eastern Mediterranean, then cut off the constant flow of water to the city. The aqueduct in Moria belongs to the technique of classical water supply works and has shown a rare resilience to external weather conditions and to the less stable subsoil over the centuries.

Greece is not the land of promise for those who come here either, but the last passport to developed countries in the European Union with a higher standard of living such as Italy, France and Germany. The die has just been cast for Central Asia.