Penile warts are a manifestation of infection with the HPV (Human Papillomavirus) virus and often appear on the male genitals. They are most commonly found on the scrotum, pubic area, perianal skin, and anus, while they are less commonly observed in the urethra or bladder. At the same time, exogenous forms may appear on the oral mucosa, pharynx, conjunctiva, and even on the interdigital folds of the feet.
HPV transmission – What you need to know
The penile warts They are mainly transmitted through sexual contact, as direct skin-to-skin or mucous membrane-to-mucous membrane contact facilitates the entry of the virus into the epithelium. Factors that favor their onset and recurrence include syphilis, urethritis, immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus, the use of corticosteroids, and smoking, which weakens the body's natural defense mechanisms.
Diagnosis by a specialist urologist
The diagnosis is mainly based on clinical examination. Very small lesions can be detected using magnifying glasses or a peoscope after application of acetic acid. In special cases, the PCR-DNA method is used to identify the virus genotype, although this does not change the treatment plan. Differential diagnosis from other lesions, such as warts, papillomas, pearl-like papules, or even carcinomas, plays an important role.
Treatment: From creams to CO2 laser
To date, there is no causal treatment that completely eliminates HPV. The virus can remain in the epithelium for a long time, but the removal of warts reduces the viral load and makes it easier for the immune system to suppress the disease.
Conservative methods include podophyllotoxin preparations, while the most common techniques are cryotherapy, diathermy, and surgical removal. The most advanced method is the use of CO2 laser, which achieves effective removal without leaving a scar. The best urologists in Greece They use modern techniques to make sure treatment is quick and painless, giving personalized care based on what the patient needs.
Prevention and ways to reduce relapses
Recurrence of penile warts is common, especially in the first few months after treatment, as significant amounts of HPV remain in the tissues. To reduce recurrence, lifestyle changes are recommended: quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, having your partner examined by a gynecologist, and using condoms for several months. In cases of phimosis, circumcision has been shown to reduce the likelihood of recurrence. If symptoms persist or there are changes in urine flow, urethroscopy may be required to rule out urethral warts.
